What are artefacts in manual processing typically caused by?

Artefacts in manual processing are typically caused by contamination from solution spillages. When photographic film comes into contact with developer or fixer that has spilled, this can lead to unwanted marks, streaks, or spots on the developed images. These artefacts can obscure diagnostic information and make it difficult to interpret radiographs accurately.

In contrast, improper exposure time and incorrect film type pertain to issues that affect the initial imaging quality rather than the processing stage. Low contrast settings influence the characteristics of the radiographic image but do not create artefacts during manual processing. Understanding how contamination affects the radiographic outcome is crucial for ensuring clear and diagnostic-quality images. Proper handling and processing techniques play an essential role in minimizing the presence of artefacts in dental radiography.