What is required to make a diagnosis of caries?

To make a diagnosis of caries, a full clinical exam, which may include one or more radiographs, is essential because it allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the teeth and surrounding structures. A clinical examination enables the dental professional to visually inspect the teeth for signs of decay, such as discoloration, soft spots, or lesions. This visual assessment is critical for identifying early carious lesions that may not be immediately evident without the use of radiographs.

Radiographs complement the clinical exam by providing essential information about areas of decay that might not be visible to the naked eye, such as interproximal caries or those located below the surface of the enamel. Together, these methods enhance diagnostic accuracy and enable the clinician to differentiate between carious and non-cariogenic conditions.

While a patient's history provides valuable context, including previous dental issues and symptoms they may be experiencing, it does not suffice on its own for a definitive diagnosis of caries. Observation of symptoms alone is also not adequate, as caries can be asymptomatic in the early stages. Therefore, a full clinical exam supplemented by radiographs if necessary is the most effective approach to diagnosing dental caries accurately.