What term describes the effect of radiation on living tissue?

The term that describes the effect of radiation on living tissue is "biological effect." This term encompasses the various ways that ionizing radiation can influence biological systems, including potential damage to cellular structures, DNA modification, and impacts on cell growth and function. When radiation interacts with living tissues, it can lead to a range of biological outcomes, from harmless cellular changes to more severe consequences like mutations, carcinogenesis, or tissue necrosis, depending on the type and dose of radiation exposure.

Understanding biological effects is fundamental in radiography and dental practices, as it helps professionals assess risks associated with radiation use and implement safety measures to protect both patients and staff. This includes careful consideration of exposure levels and the utilization of protective techniques to minimize any potential harm while obtaining diagnostic images. Other terms listed do not specifically address the impact radiation has on biological organisms in the same way, making "biological effect" the appropriate and accurate choice.