Which materials are included in the phosphors of intensifying screens?

The inclusion of calcium tungstate and rare earth materials in the phosphors of intensifying screens is crucial for their effectiveness in radiographic imaging. Intensifying screens play an important role in dental radiography by converting X-ray energy into visible light, which then exposes the radiographic film.

Calcium tungstate has been traditionally used due to its efficient light emission when exposed to X-rays, contributing to the film exposure and reducing the amount of X-ray radiation needed for a clear image. Rare earth materials have been recently favored because they produce higher levels of luminescence, resulting in enhanced image quality and further reduction in patient exposure to radiation. Their use allows for the production of faster films, making the radiographic process safer and more efficient.

Other materials listed, while they may be associated with various imaging technologies or other applications, do not possess the same luminescent properties or efficacy in the specific role of intensifying screens as calcium tungstate and rare earth materials do.